DAMPAK PARADIGMA DESKRIPTIF DAN PARADIGMA KRITIS DALAM PENGAJARAN TERHADAP LINGUISTIK KARAKTER MAHASISWA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26594/diglossia.v3i1.72Abstract
D. Jupriono
Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Surabaya
diglossiafbs@gmail.com
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Abstrak
Selama lebih dari 50 tahun, mengajar linguistik di Indonesia telah didominasi dengan paradigma deskriptif, yang hanya menekankan pada sistem linguistik atau bahkan tata bahasa saja. Paradigma deskriptif memang menempatkan bahasa sebagai objek yang otonom, netral, dan terisolasi dari masyarakat. Selanjutnya, apa karakteristik dari paradigma deskriptif dalam pengajaran bahasa? Bagaimana dampak terhadap bangunan mahasiswa karakter? Apa paradigma yang mampu untuk menangani kekurangan yang disebabkan oleh implementasi paradigma deskriptif? Jika linguistik paradigma kritis dianggap lebih baik, apa karakteristik? Bagaimana dampak pelaksanaan paradigma kritis dalam pengajaran bahasa terhadap karakter siswa? Pembahasan ini adalah pada pendekatan kualitatif-kritis. Desain diterapkan untuk mempelajari dampak dari paradigma deskriptif dan kritis dalam pengajaran bahasa terhadap karakter siswa adalah analisis wacana kritis (CDA). Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah pertama, paradigma deskriptif dalam pengajaran bahasa menumpulkan kesadaran siswa untuk masalah-masalah sosial; paradigma deskriptif hanya akan melahirkan siswa yang memiliki karakter tanggung jawab egois, apatis dan tidak ada masalah sosial, kedua, untuk membangun karakter mahasiswa yang peduli masyarakat dan memiliki kesadaran kritis, pengajaran bahasa harus memiliki paradigma kritis. Dengan paradigma kritis, kuliah linguistik akan mengangkat teks wacana aktual masalah sosial (ketidakadilan, ketimpangan, hubungan dominasi-subordinasi antara kelompok-kelompok, dll).
kata kunci: pengajaran bahasa, paradigma deskriptif, paradigma kritis, analisis wacana kritis
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Abstract
For more than 50 years the linguistic teaching in Indonesia has been dominated with descriptive paradigm, which merely focuses on linguistic system or even only grammar. Descriptive paradigm indeed places language as an object which is autonomous, neutral, and isolated from society. Next, what are the characteristics of descriptive paradigm in linguistic teaching? How is the impact toward student character building? What paradigm which is capable to handle the lacks caused by descriptive paradigm implementation? If the critical paradigm linguistic is considered better, what are the characteristics? How is the impact of critical paradigm implementation in linguistic teaching toward student character? The discussion is on the qualitative-critical approach. The design applied to study the impact of descriptive and critical paradigm in linguistic teaching toward student character is critical discourse analysis (CDA). The results of this research are firstly, descriptive paradigm in linguistic teaching blunts student awareness to social problems; descriptive paradigm will only bear students which have character of selfish, apathetic and no responsibility to social problems, secondly, to build student character which cares of society and has critical awareness, linguistic teaching should have critical paradigm. With critical paradigm, linguistic lectures will lift up actual discourse texts of social problems (unfairness, lameness, relation of domination-subordination between groups, etc.).
key words: linguistic teaching, descriptive paradigm, critical paradigm, critical discourse analysis
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