Sistem Mutu Tradisional di Pesantren Mahasiswa: Studi Etnografi tentang Manajemen Pembentukan Karakter Kedermawanan Melalui Kegiatan Sosial

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi dan menganalisis sistem mutu tradisional dalam manajemen pembentukan karakter kedermawanan melalui kegiatan sosial di Pondok Pesantren Manbaul Ulum 2 Malang Putri. Mengingat era digital telah mendorong gaya hidup individualistik dan menurunkan empati sosial, pesantren sebagai institusi pendidikan Islam tertua di Indonesia memiliki peran strategis dalam membangun karakter sosial santri. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis studi etnografi. Data dikumpulkan melalui observasi partisipatif, wawancara mendalam dengan pengasuh dan mahasantri, serta dokumentasi. Analisis data mengikuti model Miles, Huberman, dan Saldana. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pembinaan karakter kedermawanan tidak berlangsung secara instruktif semata, melainkan melalui integrasi lima pilar: (1) kegiatan mengaji sebagai fondasi kognitif, (2) kultum setelah istighosah sebagai penguat afektif, (3) keteladanan pengasuh (uswah hasanah) sebagai model sosial, (4) gotong royong sebagai wahana pembelajaran kolaboratif, dan (5) pelatihan kewirausahaan sebagai penguatan kemandirian ekonomi. Temuan ini diperkuat oleh teori social learning Bandura, experiential learning Kolb, dan pendidikan karakter Lickona. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa sistem mutu tradisional berbasis keteladanan dan praktik sosial langsung lebih efektif dalam membentuk karakter kedermawanan dibandingkan pendekatan instruktif semata. Implikasinya, pesantren dapat menjadi model pengembangan pendidikan karakter berbasis filantropi dan kewirausahaan sosial yang adaptif terhadap tantangan zaman.

This study aims to explore and analyze the traditional quality system in the management of character building of generosity through social activities at the Manbaul Ulum 2 Malang Putri Islamic Boarding School. Considering that the digital era has encouraged an individualistic lifestyle and decreased social empathy, Islamic boarding schools as the oldest Islamic educational institutions in Indonesia have a strategic role in building the social character of students. This study uses a qualitative approach with an ethnographic study type. Data were collected through participant observation, in-depth interviews with caregivers and students, and documentation. Data analysis follows the model of Miles, Huberman, and Saldana. The results of the study indicate that the development of character of generosity does not take place solely instructively, but through the integration of five pillars: (1) Quran recitation activities as a cognitive foundation, (2) kultum after istighosah as an affective reinforcement, (3) the example of caregivers (uswah hasanah) as a social model, (4) mutual cooperation as a means of collaborative learning, and (5) entrepreneurship training as a strengthening of economic independence. These findings are strengthened by Bandura's social learning theory, Kolb's experiential learning, and Lickona's character education. This study concludes that a traditional quality system based on role models and direct social practices is more effective in shaping generous character than a purely instructive approach. The implication is that Islamic boarding schools (pesantren) can serve as models for developing character education based on philanthropy and social entrepreneurship that are adaptive to the challenges of the times.