Segmentasi mental foramen di mandibula pada citra radiografi panoramik dengan Self-Organizing Map
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26594/teknologi.v10i2.2014Abstract
Sistem berbasis komputer di bidang medis dapat digunakan untuk membantu mendiagnosis penyakit tertentu. Pembuatan sistem berbasis komputer berdasarkan citra mempunyai beberapa tahapan penting, diantaranya adalah tahapan segmentasi. Tahapan segmentasi merupakan tahapan untuk melakukan pemisahan objek terhadap background. Thresholding merupakan metode dalam melakukan segmentasi, di mana prosesnya didasarkan pada warna keabuan yang menghasilkan citra biner; 1 (putih) untuk mewakili objek dan 0 (hitam) untuk mewakili background. Mental foramen adalah bagian yang ada dalam mandibula, salah satu fungsinya untuk identifikasi forensik. Agar fungsi mental foramen bisa digunakan, maka salah satu proses yang harus dilalui adalah proses segmentasi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah melakukan segmentasi mental foramen di mandibula citra radiografi gigi. Manfaat dari melakukan segmentasi mental foramen pada mandibula adalah dapat menampilkan informasi mental foramen di mandibula secara jelas pada citra radiografi gigi agar dapat digunakan pada proses identifikasi manusia di kedokteran forensik gigi. Adapun algoritma yang digunakan dalam melakukan thresholding adalah Self-Organizing Map (SOM), karena telah terbukti dapat melakukan segmentasi lebih baik. Tahapan penelitian ini terdiri dari 1) Pengumpulan citra radiografi panoramic didapatkan dari RSUD Ibnu Sina Gresik di Jawa Timur sebanyak 16 citra radiografi panoramic. 2) Citra radiografi panoramic dilakukan akuisisi agar menghasilkan citra digital; 3) Perbaikan citra menggunakan ekualisasi histogram; dan 4) Pengambilan bagian mental foramen di mandibula terlebih dahulu dilakukan croping menggunakan SOM agar komputasi tidak tinggi. Berdasarkan hasil uji coba, SOM memiliki kinerja kurang bagus dalam melakukan segmentasi mental foramen pada mandibula secara sempurna, karena hanya mampu melakukan segmentasi secara baik sebanyak 3 citra dari 16 citra berdasarkan pengamatan langsung secara manual.
Computer based system in the medical field is used to assist a diagnose of certain diseases. There are several steps to process a digital image, and the necessary part of it is image segmentation. Image segmentation is applied for separating between the foreground and background of an image. Image thresholding is a basic image segmentation that produces a binary image from a gray-level image, which 1 represents as an object; otherwise, it is the background. Mental foramina is a part of the mandibular canal that is used to acknowledge of digital forensics. In this paper, we apply mental foramina image segmentation on the mandible canal in dental radiographic. The use of mental foramina segmentation is to perform its information on mandibular obviously so that it can be used for human identification in the medical of dental graphics. We utilize the Self-Organizing Map (SOM) as it has better segmentation than other algorithms. In research methodology, we divide the process as follows: 1) primary dataset of panoramic radiographic images was obtained from RSUD Ibnu Sina Gresik, East Java with the total of images is 16. 2) The acquisition of panoramic radiographic images into digital images. 3) Image enhancement using histogram equalization. 4) Mental foramina images on the mandibular canal were cropped using SOM to avoid a high computational process. The result shows that SOM achieves low evaluation of metal foramina image segmentation on the mandibular canal since it is only undertaking three out of sixteen images based on visualization measurement.
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