APPLICATION OF LABORATORY TECHNOLOGY IN THE DETECTION AND PREVENTION OF INFECTION IN BLOOD TRANSFUSION IN TIMOR LESTE: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW

Abstract

Introduction: Blood transfusion is a vital medical procedure but carries a high risk when the transfused blood contains infectious agents. In developing countries such as Timor Leste, the main challenges include limited laboratory infrastructure and inadequate infection detection technology. This study aims to explore the application of laboratory technologies in detecting and preventing infections during blood transfusions in Timor Leste, as well as to improve the overall safety of transfusion practices. Methods: This study employed a Systematic Literature Review approach to examine various studies related to the implementation of laboratory technologies in blood transfusion. The analysis focused on articles discussing technologies such as Point-of-Care Testing (POCT), Sigma Metrics, and Raman Spectroscopy, as well as the evaluation of their effectiveness in reducing the risk of transfusion-transmitted infections in developing countries. Results: The results indicate that advanced laboratory technologies can enhance infection detection and improve the efficiency of blood transfusion management. The use of POCT allows for rapid detection of infections such as HIV, Hepatitis B, and Hepatitis C, thereby reducing the risk of transmission. In addition, the application of Sigma Metrics in blood quality testing improves testing accuracy and process efficiency. Raman Spectroscopy also offers a non-invasive alternative to monitor blood quality without damaging samples. However, the implementation of these technologies in Timor Leste faces challenges, including limited infrastructure and high operational costs. Discussion: Technologies such as POCT and Sigma Metrics show great potential to improve blood transfusion safety; however, challenges related to cost and limited availability of technology in remote areas remain significant barriers. The implementation of these technologies requires adequate training of medical personnel and infrastructure improvement to support their use in developing countries. Therefore, beyond the adoption of new technologies, international collaboration and external funding are essential to support the acquisition and maintenance of laboratory devices in Timor Leste.

Keywords:  Blood Transfusion, Infection Detection, Laboratory Technology